Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and critical thinking, as well as a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society and conformity. Friedrich Nietzsche thought he was "the most gifted of the Americans", and Walt Whitman called him his "master".Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay "Nature". Following this work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. considered to be America's "intellectual Declaration of Independence."
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first and then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays, ''Essays: First Series'' (1841) and ''Essays: Second Series'' (1844), represent the core of his thinking. They include the well-known essays "Self-Reliance", "The Over-Soul", "Circles", "The Poet", and "Experience". Together with "Nature", these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period. Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for mankind to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic: "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul." Emerson is one of several figures who "took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world."
He remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. "In all my lectures", he wrote, "I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow Transcendentalist. Provided by Wikipedia
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81by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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82by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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83by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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84by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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85by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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86by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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87by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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88by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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89by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1906
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90by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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91by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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92by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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93by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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94by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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96by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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97by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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98by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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99by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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100by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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