Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and critical thinking, as well as a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society and conformity. Friedrich Nietzsche thought he was "the most gifted of the Americans", and Walt Whitman called him his "master".Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay "Nature". Following this work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. considered to be America's "intellectual Declaration of Independence."
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first and then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays, ''Essays: First Series'' (1841) and ''Essays: Second Series'' (1844), represent the core of his thinking. They include the well-known essays "Self-Reliance", "The Over-Soul", "Circles", "The Poet", and "Experience". Together with "Nature", these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period. Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for mankind to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic: "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul." Emerson is one of several figures who "took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world."
He remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. "In all my lectures", he wrote, "I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow Transcendentalist. Provided by Wikipedia
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121by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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122by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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123by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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124by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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125by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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126by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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127by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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128by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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129by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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130by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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131by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
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133by Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1972
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134by Ihrig, Mary AliceOther Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1982
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135by Regan, Earlene MargaretOther Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1976
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136by Emerson, Ellen Louisa Tucker, 1809 or 1810-1831Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1962
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137by Frome, KeithOther Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1996
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138by Cameron, Kenneth Walter, 1908-2006Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1996
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139by Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1886
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140by Thoreau, Henry David, 1817-1862Other Authors: “...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”
Published 1865
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