David Hume
David Hume (; born David Home; – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. Beginning with ''A Treatise of Human Nature'' (1739–40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume followed John Locke in rejecting the existence of innate ideas, concluding that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley as an empiricist.Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another but only experience the "constant conjunction" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience, it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a metaphysical presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.
An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions." Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena and is usually accepted by historians of European philosophy to have first clearly expounded the is–ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ''ought'' to be done.
Hume denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of perceptions connected by an association of ideas. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom. His philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles, and of the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time.
Hume left a legacy that affected utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration that had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers." Provided by Wikipedia
Showing 121 - 140 results of 259 for search 'Hume, David, 1711-1776', query time: 0.28s
Refine Results
-
121
-
122
-
123
-
124
-
125
-
126by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1777Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
127
-
128
-
129
-
130by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1766Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
131by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1767Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
132by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1779Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
133
-
134
-
135by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1788Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
136
-
137by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1782Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
138
-
139Two essays : I. On suicide. II. On the mortality of the soul. By David Hume, Esq. Now first printed.Call Number: Loading...Full text online
Located:Loading...
eBook -
140
Search Tools:
RSS Feed
–
Email Search
Related Subjects
History
Knowledge, Theory of
Ethics
Philosophy
Economics
Political science
Natural theology
Commerce
Religion
Agriculture
Early works to 1800
Kings and rulers
Philosophy, English
Description and travel
Philosophers
Aesthetics
Economic conditions
Finance, Public
Miracles
Politics and government
Social contract
State, The
Advertising
Anecdotes
BIOGRAFIAS
Books
Congresses
Criticism and interpretation
Debts, Public
Dialogues, French