Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. It was originally organized as the United States National Museum, but that name ceased to exist administratively in 1967.Called "the nation's attic" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the institution's 19 museums, 21 libraries, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in Washington, D.C. Additional facilities are located in Maryland, New York, and Virginia. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates. Institution publications include ''Smithsonian'' and ''Air & Space'' magazines.
Almost all of the institution's 30 million annual visitors are admitted without charge, the exception being Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum in New York City, which charges an admissions fee. The Smithsonian's annual budget is around $1.25 billion, with two-thirds coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. the institution's endowment had a total value of about $5.4 billion. Provided by Wikipedia
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121by Manning, Raymond B. (Raymond Brendan), 1934-2000“...Smithsonian Institution...”
Published 1978
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122by Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928-“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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123by Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928-“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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124by Manning, Raymond B. (Raymond Brendan), 1934-2000“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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125by Clarke, Arthur H.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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126by Fosberg, F. Raymond (Francis Raymond), 1908-1993“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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127by Heron, Gayle A.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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128by Bowman, Thomas E.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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129by Smythe, Nicholas“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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130by Manning, Raymond B. (Raymond Brendan), 1934-2000“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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131by Duckworth, W. Donald“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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132by Wemmer, Christen M.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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133by Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928-“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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134by Nowicke, Joan W.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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135by Buzas, Martin A.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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136by Benson, Richard Hall, 1929-“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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137by Hollenberg, George J.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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138by Clarke, Roy S.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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139by Judkins, David C.“...Smithsonian Institution...”
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140by Kornicker, Louis S., 1919-2018“...Smithsonian Institution...”
Published 1978
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