Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi, these orders include three independent orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contemporary male order), orders for nuns such as the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary. Several smaller Protestant Franciscan orders or other groups have been established since late 1800's as well, particularly in the Anglican and Lutheran traditions.Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to form a new religious order. The original Rule of Saint Francis approved by the Pope did not allow ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching. The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Franciscans traveled and preached in the streets, while staying in church properties. Clare of Assisi, under Francis's guidance, founded the Poor Clares (Order of Saint Clare) of the Franciscans.
The extreme poverty required of members was relaxed in the final revision of the Rule in 1223. The degree of observance required of members remained a major source of conflict within the order, resulting in numerous secessions.}}}} The Order of Friars Minor, previously known as the "Observant" branch, is one of the three Franciscan First Orders within the Catholic Church, the others being the "Conventuals" (formed 1517) and "Capuchins" (1520). The Order of Friars Minor, in its current form, is the result of an amalgamation of several smaller orders completed in 1897 by Pope Leo XIII.}} The latter two, the Capuchin and Conventual, remain distinct religious institutes within the Catholic Church, observing the Rule of Saint Francis with different emphases. Conventual Franciscans are sometimes referred to as minorites or greyfriars because of their habit. In Poland and Lithuania they are known as Bernardines, after Bernardino of Siena, although the term elsewhere refers to Cistercians instead.
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1Published 1983“...Franciscans...”
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2Published 1700“...Franciscans...”
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3Published 1775“...Franciscans...”
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4Published 1725“...Franciscans...”
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5Published 1585“...Franciscans...”
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6Published 1767“...Franciscans...”
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7Published 1877“...Franciscans...”
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8Published 1853“...Franciscans...”
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9Published 1816“...Franciscans...”
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10Published 1747“...Franciscans (Province of England)...”
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11Published 1962“...Franciscans. Province of Saint Barbara...”
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12Published 1698“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego...”
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13Published 1797“...Franciscans...”
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14by Religioso de San Francisco de la Provincia de Santiago de Xalisco“...Franciscans. Provincia de Santiago de Xalisco...”
Published 1784
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15Published 1738“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego de México...”
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16Published 1779“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego de México...”
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17by Traspuesto, Juan de Dios, active 18th century“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego de México...”
Published 1758
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18by Arvea, Cristóbal“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego de México...”
Published 1823
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19Published 1798“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Francisco de Zacatecas...”
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20by Orruño Irasusta y Uranga, José María“...Franciscans. Provincia de San Diego de México...”
Published 1815
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